Works Cited
Aycock, Marlyn, Mercer Cross, and Elder Witt. Watergate : Chronology Of A Crisis. Washington: Congressional Quarterly, 1975. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 23 Nov. 2013.
The main point of this source provides the information of the individuals involved in the Watergate break-in. The details of their attempts in bugging the office of the Democratic Committee. The main topics that are being covered are the beginning of the investigation of John Mitchell, while attorney general, and White House Chief of Staff, H R Haldeman, claimed not knowing about the sabotage and espionage on the Democratic committee. The alleged widespread Republican network against the Democrats and paid for out of the secret cash fund.
The source was extremely useful on the information regarding the GAO (U. S. Government Accountability Office) requesting the Justice Department to investigate the Fund. The Corporations who made the donations in which made it possible for the Republican officials in the re-election campaign and on the White House staff having the means to accomplish their task acting on by Nixon’s trusted advisors. The funds were utilized to pay for the work to follow members of Democratic candidates’ families, assembling dossiers on their personal lives, including forging letter and distributing them under Democratic candidates’ letterheads, leaking false and manufactured items to the press, throwing campaign schedules into disarray and investing Democratic campaign workers. More importantly, this is the information I needed to be able to help me with writing my argument of Nixon being a white-collar- crook. The source included the information Republicans target on Democratic presidential nomination Sen. Edmund S. Muskie of Maine sabotage his candidacy for vice-president.
This was a very helpful site to provide the readers details of Nixon’s denial in the involvement of the illegal criminal activities. The source provided the details of the transcripts of Nixon conversation with Haldeman on June 23, 1972 in the oval office several days after the break-in. This tape was referred to as the Smoking Gun Tape which incriminated Nixon of the illegal acts he committed. In addition, he kept denying these tapes to the house for review. More importantly, it provided the information on how he deceived the individuals working for him including the American people and himself in believing what he did what right.
Berkowitz, Edward D. Something Happened : A Political And Cultural Overview Of The Seventies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006: Ch. 1. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
This source provided the details of the Watergate break-in. The information provides the functionality of the executive branch utilizing their powers to gain information on the potential Presidential opponents. Nixon and the press disputes’ become public as the time went on. December 1971 both the Washington Post and the New York Times called for end to “Background” meaning that the speaker has an agreement to provide only information to reporters that will help them understand the issues better or events occurring. The reporters were not allowed to quote the source or use any specific information for a story. As a result of the Watergate scandal, Congress passed a series of laws sharply limiting a president’s power, including amending the Freedom of Information Act.
Ford, Gerald R. "Proclamation 4311." Proclamation 4311 (2009): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
The source is the actual speech that President Ford gave in which he awarded a pardon to President Nixon. Ford does not explicitly discuss the Watergate Scandal, but he does ensure that is there was a trial, Nixon would receive due process of the law. The reasoning behind this pardon as stated by Ford is that the nation had been restored to a place of tranquility and a trial of Nixon would be a disruption to the new state of peace. If I were asked about this source I would say that it is a great example of the privileges that president have. Meaning, had a ordinary citizen committed the same crime he or she would not be awarded a pardon.
This source is useful in regards to the fact that I will be able to support the claim of executive privilege. I don’t think that Ford would have awarded Nixon a pardon if he was just a normal person off the street. I will be able to support the claim of a presidential brotherhood and how it somewhat relates to executive privileges. This source is reliable because for one it’s a primary source and it is the actual speech that Ford gave to Nixon in regards to his pardon.
This source is biased because had Nixon been an ordinary citizen, this speech would not be in existence. The goal of this source is to help support the claim of President’s executive privilege.
This source was very helpful as it got my mind thinking on different ways to shape my argument. I will be able to use this source to explain the significance of a presidential brotherhood, and how it seems as though they look out for one another. From reading this source my mind has not necessarily changed but it will help me support my claims. This source connects to Lauren Sacharoff. Although Ford’s pardon does not mention executive privilege, I am able to read between the lines in connecting the two with one another.
Gage, Beverly. "Deep Throat, Watergate, And The Bureaucratic Politics Of The FBI." Journal Of Policy History 24.2 (2012): 157-183. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
The main points of this source is that it gives the reader an inside look into the relationship that President Nixon had with the FBI, specifically Mark Felt and J. Edgar Hoover. Within my reading of this source, I found that President Nixon had a past in engaging in wiretapping activities and was able to use his connections within the FBI to make sure that his activities were covered up from the public. I would be able to tell someone that Watergate was not the only wiretapping activity that Nixon engaged in, if I were to be asked about this article. I can also explain this source provides a prospective into the motives behind Mark Felt leaking information to the press.
This source was an extremely useful on the basis that I was able to find more information that I was not expecting to find. I learned that President Nixon had connections with powerful people in power positions and he used that to his advantage. The source connects to Anthony Gaughan in respect to providing facts about the scandal. Each authors gives great information about Watergate, but they have two different focuses on the external factors of Watergate, the aftermath. While Gage has given the reader information about the Watergate scandal, the main goal is to focus on the Mark Felt aka “Deep Throat”.
This source has been extremely helpful in assisting with good solid information and a new research direction. I was able to back up the claim that Richard Nixon was indeed a criminal. I was also able to define Nixon’s prior wiretapping activities, which has changed my view on this topic. I went into research this matter with an open mind; I was neither for nor against Nixon. My further reading of this article has changed my view on Nixon’s character.
Gaughan, Anthony J. "Watergate, Judge Sirica, And The Rule Of Law." Mcgeorge Law Review 42.2 (2011): 343-395. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
The main argument of this source is that the author’s focus is on the approach that Judge Sirica took in the prosecution of the burglars that burglarized the Watergate complex. Before the writer actually gets to that section of the article, he gives the reader information about Watergate. He explains the break-in, the burglars, the people whom were involved- Nixon, his administration, and those outside of the white house- and the cover up of the scandal. Gaughan goes on to explain how the judge was fighting for the prosecutors to look deeper into the Watergate crime, instead of just focusing on the surface problem.
In my opinion it is a useful source because it provided a great deal of information. The information is reliable because it is from the Mcgeorge Law Review which is housed by the University of the Pacific Law School. I found the source to be objective. I thought that Gaughan did a great job in providing fair information for the reader to develop their own opinions while reading his article. My goal in using this source is to help define the Watergate scandal as well as finding more sources that will add to my argument. This source greatly compares to the source provided by Beverly Gage. Each one provides information on the Watergate scandal while have a different angle with the article.
This source was very helpful for that fact that I was able to find a reliable source to help research the Watergate and give me a new path in my research. I was able to make a connection in regards to the authority that Nixon had upon the attorney general’s office and the prosecution not wanting to take a new approach in the burglar’s motives. I would say this source has shaped the argument, but it has allowed for me to better support my argument of Nixon being a criminal.
McGeary, Johanna, et al. "Inside Watergate's Last Chapter." Time 165.24 (2005): 28-32. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Within most of my research, there has been a mention of a person going by “Deep Throat”, whom “told on” President Nixon. This article provides the reader with information about “Deep Throat’s” identity being revealed after thirty-three years of secrecy. The main points that are being covered his involvement with the Watergate scandal and how he was protected for so many years. In addition to the reveal of the most famous anonymous source, the article provides a brief timeline of events that happened within the scandal.
This source will be useful for me because a question that I wanted to answer was about the people that were involved and I think that this article will help me answer my question. I do think that this source is reliable. This source compares with others because it sort of works in junction with “The Legacy of Watergate” source. The goal of this source is to look at whether or not “Deep Throat” was a legitimate source and his motivations for coming and speaking out. I have not found much bias within this source as of yet.
This source is helpful because I will be able to use it to answer my question, “Who were the people involved.” The way in which this source helps shapes my argument is that I will be able to throw in the question, “What were the motivation of the burglars?” In my opinion this source connects to “The Legacy of Watergate” source.
Sacharoff, Laurent. "Former Presidents And Executive Privilege." Texas Law Review 88.2 (2009): 301-352. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
The main point of this source is that it explains the meaning of executive privilege. It uses various presidents as examples as to how they used or even abused their executive powers. The topics are covering how executive privilege should be defined by checks and balances and “examines the principles as to whether or not former presidents retain any right to executive privilege that courts can or should recognize" (Sacharoff 306).
This source is useful because it will help me to answer the question as to whether or not President Nixon abused his power of the presidency. The information is useful because it stems from the Texas Law Review. The source is not bias. I think it provides a fair view of the presidential powers. The goal of this source is to provide the reader with a view point as to how presidents use their executive privileges.
This source has shaped my argument because I have now been able to think about a new question to ask and answer within my research. I can use this source to address different issues within the Watergate Scandal. While skimming through this source is has helped me to use Clinton’s presidential privileges to mirror it against President Nixon’s.
“Watergate Scandal.” History. A&E Television Networks, LLC, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013
The main point of this source is to provide information about the actual Watergate break in and the cover up. The main topics that are being covered are the events leading to the break in, the trails that the burglars left inside the complex that led to the police being called, and the cover-up. If I were asked about this source, I would say that it gives the reader a brief overview of the Watergate scandal. It’s a good source for someone to use to get quick information about the scandal.
This source is useful because it will help me explain the facts of the Watergate break-in and the events leading to it. I do think that the source is useful in regards to the generic facts of the scandal. The goal of this source is to educate the reader about the Watergate break-in and the cover-up that followed. This source in my opinion is objective in itself.
This source for me is going to very helpful. This source shapes the argument in regards to providing evidence. My thinking about the chosen topic has not changed seeing as though the source is source is so generic in its information. I think that source connects to Anthony Gaughan source is regards to providing facts about the actual Watergate break in.
The main point of this source provides the information of the individuals involved in the Watergate break-in. The details of their attempts in bugging the office of the Democratic Committee. The main topics that are being covered are the beginning of the investigation of John Mitchell, while attorney general, and White House Chief of Staff, H R Haldeman, claimed not knowing about the sabotage and espionage on the Democratic committee. The alleged widespread Republican network against the Democrats and paid for out of the secret cash fund.
The source was extremely useful on the information regarding the GAO (U. S. Government Accountability Office) requesting the Justice Department to investigate the Fund. The Corporations who made the donations in which made it possible for the Republican officials in the re-election campaign and on the White House staff having the means to accomplish their task acting on by Nixon’s trusted advisors. The funds were utilized to pay for the work to follow members of Democratic candidates’ families, assembling dossiers on their personal lives, including forging letter and distributing them under Democratic candidates’ letterheads, leaking false and manufactured items to the press, throwing campaign schedules into disarray and investing Democratic campaign workers. More importantly, this is the information I needed to be able to help me with writing my argument of Nixon being a white-collar- crook. The source included the information Republicans target on Democratic presidential nomination Sen. Edmund S. Muskie of Maine sabotage his candidacy for vice-president.
This was a very helpful site to provide the readers details of Nixon’s denial in the involvement of the illegal criminal activities. The source provided the details of the transcripts of Nixon conversation with Haldeman on June 23, 1972 in the oval office several days after the break-in. This tape was referred to as the Smoking Gun Tape which incriminated Nixon of the illegal acts he committed. In addition, he kept denying these tapes to the house for review. More importantly, it provided the information on how he deceived the individuals working for him including the American people and himself in believing what he did what right.
Berkowitz, Edward D. Something Happened : A Political And Cultural Overview Of The Seventies. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006: Ch. 1. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 18 Nov. 2013.
This source provided the details of the Watergate break-in. The information provides the functionality of the executive branch utilizing their powers to gain information on the potential Presidential opponents. Nixon and the press disputes’ become public as the time went on. December 1971 both the Washington Post and the New York Times called for end to “Background” meaning that the speaker has an agreement to provide only information to reporters that will help them understand the issues better or events occurring. The reporters were not allowed to quote the source or use any specific information for a story. As a result of the Watergate scandal, Congress passed a series of laws sharply limiting a president’s power, including amending the Freedom of Information Act.
Ford, Gerald R. "Proclamation 4311." Proclamation 4311 (2009): 1. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
The source is the actual speech that President Ford gave in which he awarded a pardon to President Nixon. Ford does not explicitly discuss the Watergate Scandal, but he does ensure that is there was a trial, Nixon would receive due process of the law. The reasoning behind this pardon as stated by Ford is that the nation had been restored to a place of tranquility and a trial of Nixon would be a disruption to the new state of peace. If I were asked about this source I would say that it is a great example of the privileges that president have. Meaning, had a ordinary citizen committed the same crime he or she would not be awarded a pardon.
This source is useful in regards to the fact that I will be able to support the claim of executive privilege. I don’t think that Ford would have awarded Nixon a pardon if he was just a normal person off the street. I will be able to support the claim of a presidential brotherhood and how it somewhat relates to executive privileges. This source is reliable because for one it’s a primary source and it is the actual speech that Ford gave to Nixon in regards to his pardon.
This source is biased because had Nixon been an ordinary citizen, this speech would not be in existence. The goal of this source is to help support the claim of President’s executive privilege.
This source was very helpful as it got my mind thinking on different ways to shape my argument. I will be able to use this source to explain the significance of a presidential brotherhood, and how it seems as though they look out for one another. From reading this source my mind has not necessarily changed but it will help me support my claims. This source connects to Lauren Sacharoff. Although Ford’s pardon does not mention executive privilege, I am able to read between the lines in connecting the two with one another.
Gage, Beverly. "Deep Throat, Watergate, And The Bureaucratic Politics Of The FBI." Journal Of Policy History 24.2 (2012): 157-183. Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Nov. 2013.
The main points of this source is that it gives the reader an inside look into the relationship that President Nixon had with the FBI, specifically Mark Felt and J. Edgar Hoover. Within my reading of this source, I found that President Nixon had a past in engaging in wiretapping activities and was able to use his connections within the FBI to make sure that his activities were covered up from the public. I would be able to tell someone that Watergate was not the only wiretapping activity that Nixon engaged in, if I were to be asked about this article. I can also explain this source provides a prospective into the motives behind Mark Felt leaking information to the press.
This source was an extremely useful on the basis that I was able to find more information that I was not expecting to find. I learned that President Nixon had connections with powerful people in power positions and he used that to his advantage. The source connects to Anthony Gaughan in respect to providing facts about the scandal. Each authors gives great information about Watergate, but they have two different focuses on the external factors of Watergate, the aftermath. While Gage has given the reader information about the Watergate scandal, the main goal is to focus on the Mark Felt aka “Deep Throat”.
This source has been extremely helpful in assisting with good solid information and a new research direction. I was able to back up the claim that Richard Nixon was indeed a criminal. I was also able to define Nixon’s prior wiretapping activities, which has changed my view on this topic. I went into research this matter with an open mind; I was neither for nor against Nixon. My further reading of this article has changed my view on Nixon’s character.
Gaughan, Anthony J. "Watergate, Judge Sirica, And The Rule Of Law." Mcgeorge Law Review 42.2 (2011): 343-395. Academic Search Complete. Web. 25 Oct. 2013.
The main argument of this source is that the author’s focus is on the approach that Judge Sirica took in the prosecution of the burglars that burglarized the Watergate complex. Before the writer actually gets to that section of the article, he gives the reader information about Watergate. He explains the break-in, the burglars, the people whom were involved- Nixon, his administration, and those outside of the white house- and the cover up of the scandal. Gaughan goes on to explain how the judge was fighting for the prosecutors to look deeper into the Watergate crime, instead of just focusing on the surface problem.
In my opinion it is a useful source because it provided a great deal of information. The information is reliable because it is from the Mcgeorge Law Review which is housed by the University of the Pacific Law School. I found the source to be objective. I thought that Gaughan did a great job in providing fair information for the reader to develop their own opinions while reading his article. My goal in using this source is to help define the Watergate scandal as well as finding more sources that will add to my argument. This source greatly compares to the source provided by Beverly Gage. Each one provides information on the Watergate scandal while have a different angle with the article.
This source was very helpful for that fact that I was able to find a reliable source to help research the Watergate and give me a new path in my research. I was able to make a connection in regards to the authority that Nixon had upon the attorney general’s office and the prosecution not wanting to take a new approach in the burglar’s motives. I would say this source has shaped the argument, but it has allowed for me to better support my argument of Nixon being a criminal.
McGeary, Johanna, et al. "Inside Watergate's Last Chapter." Time 165.24 (2005): 28-32. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
Within most of my research, there has been a mention of a person going by “Deep Throat”, whom “told on” President Nixon. This article provides the reader with information about “Deep Throat’s” identity being revealed after thirty-three years of secrecy. The main points that are being covered his involvement with the Watergate scandal and how he was protected for so many years. In addition to the reveal of the most famous anonymous source, the article provides a brief timeline of events that happened within the scandal.
This source will be useful for me because a question that I wanted to answer was about the people that were involved and I think that this article will help me answer my question. I do think that this source is reliable. This source compares with others because it sort of works in junction with “The Legacy of Watergate” source. The goal of this source is to look at whether or not “Deep Throat” was a legitimate source and his motivations for coming and speaking out. I have not found much bias within this source as of yet.
This source is helpful because I will be able to use it to answer my question, “Who were the people involved.” The way in which this source helps shapes my argument is that I will be able to throw in the question, “What were the motivation of the burglars?” In my opinion this source connects to “The Legacy of Watergate” source.
Sacharoff, Laurent. "Former Presidents And Executive Privilege." Texas Law Review 88.2 (2009): 301-352. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013.
The main point of this source is that it explains the meaning of executive privilege. It uses various presidents as examples as to how they used or even abused their executive powers. The topics are covering how executive privilege should be defined by checks and balances and “examines the principles as to whether or not former presidents retain any right to executive privilege that courts can or should recognize" (Sacharoff 306).
This source is useful because it will help me to answer the question as to whether or not President Nixon abused his power of the presidency. The information is useful because it stems from the Texas Law Review. The source is not bias. I think it provides a fair view of the presidential powers. The goal of this source is to provide the reader with a view point as to how presidents use their executive privileges.
This source has shaped my argument because I have now been able to think about a new question to ask and answer within my research. I can use this source to address different issues within the Watergate Scandal. While skimming through this source is has helped me to use Clinton’s presidential privileges to mirror it against President Nixon’s.
“Watergate Scandal.” History. A&E Television Networks, LLC, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013
The main point of this source is to provide information about the actual Watergate break in and the cover up. The main topics that are being covered are the events leading to the break in, the trails that the burglars left inside the complex that led to the police being called, and the cover-up. If I were asked about this source, I would say that it gives the reader a brief overview of the Watergate scandal. It’s a good source for someone to use to get quick information about the scandal.
This source is useful because it will help me explain the facts of the Watergate break-in and the events leading to it. I do think that the source is useful in regards to the generic facts of the scandal. The goal of this source is to educate the reader about the Watergate break-in and the cover-up that followed. This source in my opinion is objective in itself.
This source for me is going to very helpful. This source shapes the argument in regards to providing evidence. My thinking about the chosen topic has not changed seeing as though the source is source is so generic in its information. I think that source connects to Anthony Gaughan source is regards to providing facts about the actual Watergate break in.